Cement.



COMPOSITIONS, COATING R PLASTIC.

UNITED STATEs RATENT OrrIcE.

CHARLES F. LAlVTON, ALBERT L. LAW'TON, AND ARTHUR XV. LANVTON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CEMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming pant of Letters Patent No. 637,211, dated November 14, 1899.

Application filed April 24, 1399. Serial No. 714,331. (No speoimensi) To all whom 2'25 may concern.-

Be it known that we, CHARLES F. LAWTON, ALBERT L. LAwToN, and ARTHUR W. LAW- TON, citizens of the United States, residing at.

5 New York, in the borough of Brooklyn and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cement to asten Backs to Tiles; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and

exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to a cement primarily designed to fasten irregular particles to the backs of tiles for the purpose of forming a roughened bonding-surface or retainingpoints on the back of the tiles, although, of course, it may be used for-other purposes Where a binding-cement is useful.

The object of ourinventiou is to prepare a cement in solution by means of which backs may be firmly cemented to tiles.

\Vit-h this object in view the invention consists in a cement adapted to be applied to tiles, which cement will become hard on drying and will slowly turn insoluble by exposure after a considerable time or will quickly become insoluble aft-er drying by heating to a temperature below that of fusion.

This invention should clearly be distinguished from other inventions in which the substance forming the bond between the tile and its backing is in the natureof or in effect a fluxthat is to say, a substance which has to be fused in order to make it effective.

The cement covered by the present invention never has to be melted, but by simply drying it becomes hard and retentive, and when this drying operation is continued it becomes insoluble, and by drying and subsequently heating, even far below the point of fusion, it at once becomes insoluble.

A marked advantage of doing away with the necessity of fusion is that when a substance is to be fused in order to make it act as a suitable binder between the tile and its backing the melting of the substance used as a binder causes said substance to creep up in the form of smooth-surfaced cones around the particles, thus masking them and smoothing over their irregularities and angles and so depriving the tile of the advantage of a roughened surface.

The basis of our cement is an aqueous solution of an alkaline silicate or so-called water-glass, but water-glass alone, however, will not properly solidify upon drying and exposure for a time nor upon the drying and heating to a point below fusion. To render the water-glass thus capable of becoming hard and insoluble on drying and exposure or on drying and heating, as described, we have discovered that it is necessary to add to it certain substances which will give the proper degree of insolubility to the cement. To give the proper color, metallic ogds are sometimes added, preferably incorporated with insoluble vitreous matter, such as ordinary insoluble glass, and to this end any insolublfilassjsfi'ii as silicate of soda and lime, is fused with said metallic oxids. malignant-sensin are used to sufficiently color the glass and render it opaque. The impregnated glass thus produced is then ground to a fine powder and mixed with the alkaline-silicate solution. A cement is thus produced which on subsequent drying and, if desired, upon heating will become a hard and insoluble substance. The purpose of making the cement opaque, with or without color, is that any surface to which it is applied may not show through it.

The following is a specific illustration of a cement made in accordance with our invention: To fifty parts, by weight, of an alkalinesilicate solution of the consistency o syrup is at e y parts, by weight, of finel round allic 0x13 3 lass impregnated with met an the whole is thoroughly round or mixed by WIF*6MWQTW any suitable means It will be noted that any desired color may be imparted to the cement. by the selection of a particular metallic oxid or oxids and that the color as to tints and shades may be modified or that the effect may be made of variegated color by the employment of difierent oxids. If lighter shades or more opaque glass be desired, the amount of the ground colored glass may be diminished and its place supplied with )owdered marble orwithfinel 100 f E d known as floated round .il'ca o a 1n hint ilour. If a pure white color is desired,

a colorless insoluble glass is fused with oxid of tin or with tribasic calcium hos hate or T cr onte asymwmii-ml am a white opaque effect when fused with glass. This white glass is, aftergi sion and cooling, opnd to a fine powderfalme powder is mixdwith the alkaline silicate together with carbonate of lmd silica and ew 0 e na y grounh to ether The colors imparted to the cement by the colored-glass powders, as described, may be intensified or modified to produce difierent shades and tints by employing some of the owdered carbonate of lime or silica mixed W1 I vermi ion or indiared or me y-ground eroxid of iron or u tramarlne' either green (37mm ien ultramarme 1s used, it should first be ground in enough water to simply moisten it,

and generally the color, as to tints and shades, may be modified or the efiect may be made of variegated color by the addition of a suitable color or colors not previously fused with glass.

Oxid of zinc can be used to whiten the cemeu, u unless"used and applied and dried very soon after mixing it spoils the ce- .ment by rendering it powdery and of little strength.

By placing this cement on a tile and then allowing it to dry and exposing the tile for some time to the action of the air at the ordinary temperature or by drying and subjecting to an artificial heat below that of the point of fusion of the cement said cement will become hard and insoluble and form an inseparable covering, back, or face to the tile, and where material for retaining-points is applied to this cement, either before it becomes hard or afterward by additional cement, these cements form an inseparable bond between the tile and the material used for retaining-points or between the cement on the tile which has been allowed 'to harden and subsequentlysuperimposed material for retaining-points. Of course any sort of a tile may be used with said cement. After the cement is made up and finely ground to a consistency of moderately-thin paste it is spread evenly and in one or more coats on the surface or surfaces to be colored or to be provided with retainingpoints. The coating or layer of cement is to Thompson,610,776,8ept.15,1898,

Lawton, 625,919,.Apr.25,1899,

Soluble Glass, by Feutchtwanger, 3rd Edit ion, Yew ;,ork,1875

lines 25 and 24,

be from one-fortieth of an inch to one-tenth of an inch, more or less, in thickness, and if the cement is applied to a tile the surface of cement,while still soft and plastic,is'sprinkled with sharp sand or powdered glass or powdered rock and the tile laid aside for the cement to dry and harden, after which all loose and non-adherent material is shaken 0E and the tile placed in an oven and very gradually heated up to a final temperature of about 360 Fahrenheit. The fire is then shut ofi,

an ,wlt t e oven still kept closed, the whole is allowed to slowly cool down to the temperature of the air. In the beginning of this heating operation the heat is kept down, so that at the end of the first two hours the temperature of the oven is not above 200 Fahrenheit, and from this point the temperature of the oven is slowly raised during a period of about three hours to 360 Fahrenheit and is held at this heat for about one hour, at the expiration of which time the fire is shut off and the oven and its contents allowed to cool slowly.

Havingthus described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. A cement composed of a solution of an alkaline silicate and an insoluble glass charged with a metallic oxid or oxids in a powdered condition, whereby said cement will be rendered colored or opaque. and will be rendered insoluble on drying and exposure 01' on drying and heating to a temperature below that of fusion, substantially as described.

2. A cement composed of a solution of fifty parts of an alkaline silicate, by weight, and fifty parts, by weight, of an insoluble glass changed with a metallic oxid or oxids in a powdered condition,whereby said cement will be rendered colored or opaque, and will be rendered insoluble on drying and exposure or on drying and heating to a temperature bclow that of fusion, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof we afiix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES F. LAVVTON. ALBERT L. LAWTON. ARTHUR \V. LAWTON. Witnesses M. H. BRIGGS, JAMES A. BOLTON.

axle,

Genaan patent 5241,13. ,last five lines. 

